Allergic rhinitis in children
Up to 4 in 10 children are affected — and it is far more than “a runny nose”. Untreated nasal allergy disturbs sleep, concentration and behaviour. The good news: with the right approach, children do very well.
How to spot it (kids rarely say “my nose is blocked”)
Children show allergy through behaviour more than words. Watch for:
- The “allergic salute” — pushing the nose upward with the palm, often leaving a crease across the bridge
- Constant sniffing, snorting or throat-clearing (often mistaken for a habit or tic)
- Mouth breathing, especially at night; snoring or restless sleep
- Dark circles under the eyes (“allergic shiners”)
- Rubbing itchy eyes, watery eyes in pollen season
- A “cold” that never quite leaves, or that returns every spring/autumn
Why it deserves attention
Sleep
A blocked nose fragments sleep. Poorly rested children can look hyperactive or inattentive — allergic rhinitis is a recognised, treatable contributor to attention problems.
Learning
Studies link uncontrolled hay fever with measurably worse exam performance — one reason exam-season pollen matters. Good control before the season protects schoolwork.
Asthma risk
Allergic rhinitis raises the chance of developing asthma, and makes existing asthma harder to control. Treating the nose helps the lungs.
Ears & sinuses
Chronic congestion in children is linked to ear fluid (glue ear), ear infections and sinus problems.
Treatments that are safe for children
| Option | How it helps | Notes for parents |
|---|---|---|
| Saline nasal rinse/spray | Washes out allergens and mucus; improves comfort | Safe at any age; use gentle sprays for little ones |
| Allergen reduction at home | Less exposure = fewer symptoms (see prevention guide) | Bedroom first: encasings, hot washes, no pets in bed |
| Non-sedating antihistamines | Good for sneezing, itching, runny nose | Many licensed for children; check the label for age and dose |
| Children’s nasal corticosteroid sprays | Most effective for persistent or moderate–severe symptoms | Used daily in season; growth is monitored as a precaution, but studies at licensed doses are reassuring |
| Immunotherapy | Changes the disease itself; can prevent progression | For clearly allergic children with significant symptoms; via a specialist |
Avoid in children: sedating first-generation antihistamines for routine use, decongestant sprays beyond a few days, and any adult-strength product without checking the label. Always read age limits, and ask your pharmacist — they are an excellent first stop.
Working with school
- Tell the schoolTeachers should know about the allergy, triggers and any medicines.
- Plan for pollen daysOn high-count days: indoor breaks, windows closed, and pre-season medication started ~2 weeks early.
- Protect exam seasonIf exams fall in pollen season, aim for full symptom control beforehand — not on the day.
- Pack smartTissues, water, sunglasses, and any as-needed medicine the school allows.
When to see a doctor. If symptoms disturb sleep, school, sport or mood; if over-the-counter options are not enough; or if your child wheezes — book a visit and ask about allergy testing. Bring a 2-week symptom diary (the symptom tracker makes this easy).